| No | Fungsi dan Contoh Kalimat Past Perfect Tense |
|---|---|
| 1 | Past perfect tense untuk mengekspresikan aksi di masa lampau yang telah selesai terjadi sebelum past event lainnya. Subordinate conjunction yang dapat digunakan antara lain:after (simple past tense + after + past perfect tense)before, by the time, when (past perfect tense + before / by the time / when + simple past tense)Selain subordinate conjunction, dapat juga digunakan preposition prior to dan before(sebelum) yang merupakan sinonim. |
| When he came last night, the cake had run out. (Ketika dia datang semalam, kue sudah habis.) | |
| The student had gotten a verbal warning before his parents were called. (Siswa tersebut telah mendapat peringatan verbal sebelum orangtuanya ditelepon.) | |
| I had already eaten breakfast by the time he picked me up. (Saya telah sarapan ketika dia menjemput.) | |
| Prior to the proclamation, Indonesia had been colonized by Japan for 3 years. (Sebelum proklamasi, Indonesia telah dijajah Jepang selama 3 tahun.) | |
| 2 | Past perfect tense untuk menunjukkan seberapa sering sesuatu terjadi di masa lampau. Time expression (keterangan waktu) yang sering digunakan yaitu frasa adverbial of number. Berikut beberapa contohnya.twice / two times / three times + before + simple past tense / participle (phrase): twice before getting married (dua kali sebelum menikah), two times before they got married (dua kali sebelum mereka menikah), three times before I read his review (tiga kali sebelum saya membaca tinjauannya)every day / every two days / every other day until 2012 (setiap hari / setiap dua hari sampai tahun 2012)every summer until 2000 (setiap musim panas hingga tahun 2000) |
| I had read the book three times before I read his review. (Saya telah membaca buku itu tiga kali sebelum saya membaca ulasannya.) | |
| They had met twice before married. (Mereka bertemu dua kali sebelum menikah.) | |
| Yulia had been to the gym every two days until 2012. (Yulia telah pergi ke gym setiap dua hari sampai tahun 2012.) | |
| 3 | Past perfect tense digunakan pada reported speech setelah verbsaidtoldaskedthoughtwondered |
| He said that he had listened carefully the instruction. (Dia mengatakan bahwa dia telah mendengarkan instruksi dengan penuh perhatian.) | |
| I thought he had changed to be better man. (Saya pikir dia telah berubah menjadi pria yang lebih baik.) | |
| 4 | Past perfect tense untuk mengekspresikan harapan atau impian yang tidak kesampaian melalui conditional sentence tipe 3.Rumus conditional sentence tipe 3:if + past perfect tense + would/should/could/might + have + past participle |
| If you had remembered to invite me, I would have attended your party. (Jika kamu ingat mengundang saya, saya akan hadir di pestamu.) | |
| Rina would been the same level with me if she had studied harder. (Rina akan berasa pada level yang sama dengan saya jika dia belajar lebih keras.) |
Eva Tia Rahayu 